What is the best way to heat a home with solar panels?

If you are investing in solar panels and want that to be the source of heating, then you would obvioulsy want the most efficient heating system you can find given that you are paying a premium in panels for every watt of heat you use, which would be a heat pump, read more here-

2025 Heat pump buyers guide: what to look for when shopping for the best heat pump?

Heat pumps can be ducted to provide heating and cooling to the entire home just as an electric furnace would, they cost more upfront but usually run about 1/3 of the operational cost.

Even more important the source of heat is limiting heat loss, so building to very high standards would benefit anyone, but you in particular if you are heating your home with solar power generated onsite.

If you are tied to the grid anyway and heat your home with electricity, you should have no worry about meeting you heat load I would imagine. And given you say you are only providing a portion of your heating needs, I think a full home electric heat pump delivery system is even more valuable than the solar panels for reducing your consumptiona and reliance on the grid, so if your budget didn't allow for both I'd say get the heat pump first and apply however much you like after than to home solar. 

Here are some relevant pages I think may help given what you have said about your project -

All about passive heating and cooling

Heating homes with electricity: the best choice for high efficiency homes 

10 questions to ask a solar panel installer before signing a contract

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